NOTES
ON
PART
I.
[
Note
1.
](#fb-anch1)
And
such
thy
strength-inspiring
aid
that
bore
The
hardy
Byron
to
his
native
shore
.
The
following
picture
of
his
own
distress
,
given
by
Byron
in
his
simple
and
interesting
Narrative
,
justifies
the
description
in
p.
10.
After
relating
the
barbarity
of
the
Indian
Cacique
to
his
child
,
he
proceeds
thus
:
—
"
A
day
or
two
after
,
we
put
to
sea
again
,
and
crossed
the
great
bay
I
mentioned
we
had
been
at
the
bottom
of
,
when
we
first
hawled
away
to
the
westward
.
The
land
here
was
very
low
and
sandy
,
and
something
like
the
mouth
of
a
river
which
discharged
itself
into
the
sea
,
and
which
had
been
taken
no
notice
of
by
us
before
,
as
it
was
so
shallow
that
the
Indians
were
obliged
to
take
every
thing
out
of
their
canoes
and
carry
it
over
land
.
We
rowed
up
the
river
four
or
five
leagues
,
and
then
took
into
a
branch
of
it
that
ran
first
to
the
eastward
and
then
to
the
northward
:
here
it
became
much
narrower
,
and
the
stream
excessively
rapid
,
so
that
we
gained
but
little
way
,
though
we
wrought
very
hard
.
At
night
we
landed
upon
its
banks
,
and
had
a
most
uncomfortable
lodging
,
it
being
a
perfect
swamp
;
and
we
had
nothing
to
cover
us
,
though
it
rained
excessively
.
The
Indians
were
little
better
off
than
we
,
as
there
was
no
wood
here
to
make
their
wigwams
;
so
that
all
they
could
do
was
to
prop
up
the
bark
,
which
they
carry
in
the
bottom
of
their
canoes
,
and
shelter
themselves
as
well
as
they
could
to
the
leeward
of
it
.
Knowing
the
difficulties
they
had
to
encounter
here
,
they
had
provided
themselves
with
some
seal
;
but
we
had
not
a
morsel
to
eat
,
after
the
heavy
fatigues
of
the
day
,
excepting
a
sort
of
root
we
saw
the
Indians
make
use
of
,
which
was
very
disagreeable
to
the
taste
.
We
laboured
all
next
day
against
the
stream
,
and
fared
as
we
had
done
the
day
before
.
The
next
day
brought
us
to
the
carrying
place
.
Here
was
plenty
of
wood
,
but
nothing
to
be
got
for
sustenance
.
We
passed
this
night
as
we
had
frequently
done
under
a
tree
;
but
what
we
suffered
at
this
time
is
not
easy
to
be
expressed
.
I
had
been
three
days
at
the
oar
without
any
kind
of
nourishment
except
the
wretched
root
above
mentioned
.
I
had
no
shirt
,
for
it
had
rotted
off
by
bits
.
All
my
clothes
consisted
,
of
a
short
grieko
(
something
like
a
bear-skin
)
,
a
piece
of
red
cloth
which
had
once
been
a
waistcoat
,
and
a
ragged
pair
of
trowsers
,
without
shoes
or
stockings
.
"
[
Note
2.
](#fb-anch2)
A
Briton
and
a
friend
.
]
Don
Patricio
Gedd
,
a
Scotch
physician
in
one
of
the
Spanish
settlements
,
hospitably
relieved
Byron
and
his
wretched
associates
,
of
which
the
Commodore
speaks
in
the
warmest
terms
of
gratitude
.
[
Note
3.
](#fb-anch3)
Or
yield
the
Lyre
of
Heav'n
another
string
.
The
seven
strings
of
Apollo's
harp
were
the
symbolical
representations
of
the
seven
planets
.
Herschel
,
by
discovering
an
eighth
,
might
be
said
to
add
another
string
to
the
instrument
.
[
Note
4.
](#fb-anch4)
The
Swedish
sage
.
]
Linnaeus
.
[
Note
5.
](#fb-anch5)
—
Deep
from
his
vaults
the
Loxian
murmurs
flow
.
Loxius
is
a
name
frequently
given
to
Apollo
by
Greek
writers
:
it
is
met
with
more
than
once
in
the
Chaoephorae
of
Aeschylus
.
[
Note
6.
](#fb-anch6)
—
Unlocks
a
generous
store
at
thy
command
.
Like
Horeb's
rocks
beneath
the
prophet's
hand
.
See
Exodus
,
chap.
xvii
.
3
,
5
,
6.
[
Note
7.
](#fb-anch7)
Wild
Obi
flies
.
]
Among
the
negroes
of
the
West
Indies
,
Obi
,
or
Obiah
,
is
the
name
of
a
magical
power
,
which
is
believed
by
them
to
affect
the
object
of
its
malignity
with
dismal
calamities
Such
a
belief
must
undoubtedly
have
been
deduced
from
the
superstitious
mythology
of
their
kinsmen
on
the
coast
of
Africa
.
I
have
therefore
personified
Obi
as
the
evil
spirit
of
the
African
,
although
the
history
of
the
African
tribes
mentions
the
evil
spirit
of
their
religious
creed
by
a
different
appellation
.
[
Note
8.
](#fb-anch8)
Sibir's
dreary
mines
.
]
Mr.
Bell
of
Antermony
,
in
his
travels
through
Siberia
,
informs
us
that
the
name
of
the
country
is
universally
pronounced
Sibir
by
the
Russians
.
[
Note
9.
](#fb-anch9)
—
Presaging
wrath
to
Poland
—
and
to
man
!
"
On
the
10th
of
October
1794
,
a
dreadful
engagement
took
place
between
the
Russians
under
General
Fersen
and
the
troops
under
Kosciusko
.
The
Russians
advanced
twice
to
the
attack
,
but
were
repulsed
by
the
Poles
,
who
however
,
unfortunately
,
not
contented
with
the
advantages
they
had
gained
,
abandoned
their
favourable
position
on
the
heights
,
and
pressed
on
to
the
attack
in
their
turn
.
This
movement
threw
the
troops
into
some
confusion
;
and
the
Russians
,
forming
themselves
anew
,
the
route
soon
became
general
.
The
battle
,
which
began
at
seven
in
the
morning
,
did
not
end
till
noon
.
Kosciusko
flew
from
rank
to
rank
,
and
was
continually
in
the
hottest
part
of
the
engagement
,
in
the
course
of
which
he
had
three
horses
killed
under
him
.
At
length
he
fell
;
and
a
Cossack
,
who
did
not
know
him
in
the
peasants
dress
,
which
he
constantly
wore
,
wounded
him
from
behind
with
a
lance
.
He
recovered
,
and
advanced
a
few
steps
,
but
was
again
knocked
down
by
another
Cossack
,
who
was
preparing
to
give
him
a
mortal
blow
,
when
his
arm
was
stopped
by
a
Russian
officer
,
who
is
said
to
have
been
General
Chronzazow
,
to
whose
wife
Kosciusko
had
a
short
time
before
politely
given
leave
of
departure
from
Warsaw
to
join
her
husband
.
The
unfortunate
Kosciusko
implored
the
officer
,
if
he
wished
to
render
him
a
service
,
to
allow
the
soldier
to
put
an
end
to
his
existence
;
but
the
latter
chose
rather
to
make
him
a
prisoner
.
The
Polish
infantry
defended
themselves
with
bravery
proportioned
to
that
of
their
general
,
and
fought
with
a
degree
of
valour
almost
approaching
to
fury
.
The
Russians
under
General
Fersen
soon
afterwards
summoned
Warsaw
to
surrender
;
and
on
being
refused
,
after
the
junction
of
the
different
corps
under
Fersen
,
Dernfeld
,
Denisow
,
and
Suwarrow
,
they
proceeded
,
on
the
4th
of
November
,
to
attack
the
suburb
of
Prague
.
In
the
mean
time
the
generals
Madalinski
and
Dambrowski
threw
themselves
into
Warsaw
,
and
prepared
for
resistance
.
The
suburb
of
Prague
,
separated
from
Warsaw
by
the
Vistula
,
was
defended
by
more
than
a
hundred
pieces
of
cannon
,
disposed
upon
thirty-three
batteries
.
Little
intimidated
,
however
,
by
so
formidable
a
force
,
the
ferocious
Suwarrow
commanded
his
soldiers
to
mount
to
the
assault
in
the
same
manner
they
had
done
at
Ismael
,
where
the
Russians
entered
by
climbing
over
the
dead
and
wounded
bodies
of
their
comrades
,
as
well
as
of
their
enemies
.
His
further
orders
were
,
that
they
should
fight
only
with
the
sabre
and
bayonet
.
The
Russians
sprung
to
the
charge
with
almost
inconceivable
impetuosity
.
They
eagerly
began
to
climb
the
works
,
and
the
six
Russian
columns
,
by
singular
good
fortune
,
presented
themselves
at
the
same
moment
before
the
lines
at
Prague
.
Thus
surrounded
,
the
Polish
generals
found
themselves
unable
to
oppose
,
with
10,000
soldiers
,
which
was
the
whole
of
their
force
,
the
united
attack
of
50,000
men
;
and
,
to
add
to
their
distress
,
the
fire
which
they
immediately
commenced
,
from
the
darkness
of
the
night
,
was
so
ill
directed
as
to
pass
over
the
heads
of
the
assailants
.
The
cry
raised
by
the
successful
columns
penetrated
to
the
entrenchments
on
the
other
side
the
Vistula
,
and
added
to
the
consternation
of
the
Poles
engaged
with
the
other
part
of
the
Russian
force
;
and
they
endeavoured
to
find
safety
by
retiring
into
Warsaw
,
over
a
bridge
.
In
their
retreat
they
were
met
by
another
body
of
Russians
,
and
a
dreadful
carnage
ensued
,
in
which
a
great
part
of
the
garrison
of
Prague
was
miserably
slaughtered
.
After
a
severe
conflict
of
eight
hours
,
the
resistance
on
the
part
of
the
Poles
ceased
;
but
the
massacre
by
the
detestable
Suwarrow
,
who
,
from
his
habitual
cruelty
,
was
selected
for
this
service
,
continued
for
two
hours
longer
;
and
the
pillage
lasted
till
noon
on
the
following
day
.
Five
thousand
Poles
were
computed
to
have
been
slain
in
the
assault
;
the
remainder
were
either
imprisoned
or
dispersed
.
The
citizens
were
compelled
to
lay
down
their
arms
,
and
their
houses
were
plundered
by
the
merciless
Russians
,
who
,
after
the
battle
had
ceased
nearly
ten
hours
,
about
nine
o'clock
at
night
set
fire
to
the
town
,
and
again
began
to
massacre
the
inhabitants
;
nine
thousand
persons
,
unarmed
men
,
defenceles
women
,
and
harmless
infants
,
perished
either
in
the
flames
or
by
the
sword
,
and
nearly
the
whole
of
the
suburb
was
reduced
to
ashes
.
In
the
whole
of
this
siege
it
is
computed
that
not
less
than
30,000
of
the
Poles
were
inhumanly
put
to
death
.
In
this
exigence
,
Count
Potocki
,
the
chief
of
the
insurrection
,
proposed
to
treat
with
the
Russians
,
and
repaired
to
their
head
quarters
with
propositions
of
peace
in
name
of
the
republic
.
He
was
received
with
extreme
haughtiness
by
the
infamous
Suwarrow
,
who
observed
that
the
Empress
was
not
at
war
with
the
republic
;
that
his
only
object
in
coming
to
Warsaw
was
to
reduce
the
refractory
subjects
of
Poland
to
obedience
;
and
he
intimated
that
he
should
not
treat
with
any
insurgent
,
but
only
with
such
as
,
invested
with
legitimate
authority
,
should
come
to
speak
in
the
name
,
and
on
the
part
of
his
Polish
majesty
:
Deputies
were
dispatched
from
the
magistracy
of
Warsaw
to
the
Russian
commander
,
who
returned
,
after
having
been
constrained
to
surrender
the
city
at
discretion
,
under
the
single
condition
of
securing
to
the
citizens
their
lives
and
property
.
The
general
insolently
observed
,
that
there
was
another
article
which
,
without
doubt
,
they
had
forgotten
to
ask
,
but
which
he
would
accede
to
them
,
which
was
pardon
for
the
past
.
In
consequence
of
this
arrangement
,
the
firing
which
had
been
kept
up
in
the
suburb
of
Prague
ceased
,
and
all
the
inhabitants
were
requested
to
surrender
their
arms
.
This
was
refused
by
the
soldiers
in
the
city
,
and
their
chief
Wawrzecki
,
with
many
others
of
the
supreme
council
,
refused
to
take
part
in
the
capitulation
.
This
impeded
the
close
of
the
negociation
;
but
the
military
,
who
refused
to
lay
down
their
arms
,
were
allowed
to
leave
Warsaw
,
not
however
without
a
declaration
from
Suwarrow
that
they
might
be
sure
of
not
escaping
,
and
that
,
when
taken
,
no
quarter
would
be
granted
.
On
the
morning
of
the
7th
,
the
supreme
council
,
with
the
generalissimo
Wawrzecki
,
remitted
into
the
hands
of
the
king
the
authority
they
had
exercised
.
On
the
9th
the
Russian
general
made
his
triumphal
entry
into
Warsaw
,
in
which
the
streets
were
lined
with
his
troops
,
and
the
inhabitants
,
shut
up
in
their
houses
,
observed
a
melancholy
silence
.
The
chief
magistrate
delivered
him
the
keys
at
the
bridge
of
Prague
;
after
which
he
received
the
compliments
of
the
king
;
and
on
the
10th
,
went
with
much
pomp
to
the
castle
to
pay
his
respects
to
his
majesty
.
To
complete
the
whole
of
this
execrable
scene
,
ostentatious
and
solemn
blasphemy
was
called
in
;
and
the
1st
of
December
was
set
apart
for
a
day
of
solemn
thanksgiving
,
and
Te
Deum
was
sung
for
the
triumph
of
powerful
oppression
over
persecuted
virtue
,
to
the
God
of
all
mercies
,
whose
altars
had
been
stained
by
the
blood
of
the
innocent
and
helpless
;
and
whose
praises
were
chanted
by
the
voice
of
murderers
,
amidst
the
shrieks
and
groans
of
the
victims
.
New
Annual
Register
,
1794.
[
Note
10.
](#fb-anch10)
"
The
shrill
horn
blew
.
"
]
—
The
negroes
in
the
West
Indies
are
summoned
to
their
morning
work
by
a
shell
or
a
horn
.
[
Note
11
](#fb-anch11)
How
long
was
Timur's
iron
sceptre
swayed
?
—
To
elucidate
this
passage
,
I
shall
subjoin
a
quotation
from
the
preface
to
Letters
from
a
Hindoo
Rajah
,
a
work
of
elegance
and
celebrity
.
"
The
impostor
of
Mecca
had
established
,
as
one
of
the
principles
of
his
doctrine
,
the
merit
of
extending
it
,
either
by
persuasion
,
or
the
sword
,
to
all
parts
of
the
earth
.
How
steadily
this
injunction
was
adhered
to
by
his
followers
,
and
with
what
success
it
was
pursued
,
is
well
known
to
all
who
are
in
the
least
conversant
in
history
.
"
The
same
overwhelming
torrent
,
which
had
inundated
the
greater
part
of
Africa
,
burst
its
way
into
the
very
heart
of
Europe
,
and
covered
many
kingdoms
of
Asia
with
unbounded
desolation
;
directed
its
baleful
course
to
the
flourishing
provinces
of
Hindostan
.
Here
these
fierce
and
hardy
adventurers
,
whose
only
improvement
had
been
in
the
science
of
destruction
,
who
added
the
fury
of
fanaticism
to
the
ravages
of
war
,
found
the
great
end
of
their
conquests
opposed
,
by
objects
which
neither
the
ardour
of
their
persevering
zeal
,
nor
savage
barbarity
,
could
surmount
.
Multitudes
were
sacrificed
by
the
cruel
hand
of
religious
persecution
,
and
whole
countries
were
deluged
in
blood
,
in
the
vain
hope
,
that
by
the
destruction
of
a
part
,
the
remainder
might
be
persuaded
,
or
terrified
into
the
profession
of
Mahomedism
:
but
all
these
sanguinary
efforts
were
ineffectual
;
and
at
length
being
fully
convinced
,
that
though
they
might
extirpate
,
they
could
never
hope
to
convert
any
number
of
the
Hindoos
,
they
relinquished
the
impracticable
idea
,
with
which
they
had
entered
upon
their
career
of
conquest
,
and
contented
themselves
with
the
acquirement
of
the
civil
dominion
and
almost
universal
empire
of
Hindostan
.
"
Letters
from
a
Hindoo
Rajah
,
by
Eliza
Hamilton
.
[
Note
12.
](#fb-anch12)
And
braved
the
stormy
spirit
of
the
Cape
.
]
See
the
description
of
the
Cape
of
Good
Hope
,
translated
from
Camoens
,
by
Mickle
.
[
Note
13.
](#fb-anch13)
While
famish'd
nations
died
along
the
shore
.
The
following
account
of
British
conduct
,
and
its
consequences
in
Bengal
,
will
afford
a
sufficient
idea
of
the
fact
alluded
to
in
this
passage
.
After
describing
the
monopoly
of
salt
,
betel
nut
,
and
tobacco
,
the
historian
proceeds
thus
:
"
Money
in
this
current
came
but
by
drops
;
it
could
not
quench
the
thirst
of
those
who
waited
in
India
to
receive
it
.
An
expedient
,
such
as
it
was
remained
to
quicken
its
pace
.
The
natives
could
live
with
little
salt
,
but
could
not
want
food
.
Some
of
the
agents
saw
themselves
well
situated
for
collecting
the
rice
into
stores
;
they
did
so
.
They
knew
the
Gentoos
would
rather
die
than
violate
the
principles
of
their
religion
by
eating
flesh
.
The
alternative
would
therefore
be
between
giving
what
they
had
,
or
dying
.
The
inhabitants
sunk
;
—
they
that
cultivated
the
land
,
and
saw
the
harvest
at
the
disposal
of
others
,
planted
in
doubt
,
scarcity
ensued
.
Then
the
monopoly
was
easier
managed
—
sickness
ensued
.
In
some
districts
the
languid
living
left
the
bodies
of
their
numerous
dead
unburied
.
Short
History
of
the
English
Transactions
,
in
the
East
Indies
,
page
145.
[
Note
14.
](#fb-anch14)
Nine
times
hath
Brama's
wheel's
of
lightning
hurl'd
,
His
awful
presence
o'er
the
prostrate
world
!
Among
the
sublime
fictions
of
the
Hindoo
mythology
,
it
is
one
article
of
belief
,
that
the
Deity
Brama
has
descended
nine
times
upon
the
world
in
various
forms
,
and
that
he
is
yet
to
appear
a
tenth
time
in
the
figure
of
a
warrior
upon
a
white
horse
to
out
off
all
incorrigible
offenders
.
Avator
is
the
word
used
to
express
his
descent
.
[
Note
15
:
](#fb-anch15)
And
Camdeo
bright
,
and
Ganesa
sublime
.
]
Camdeo
is
the
God
of
Love
in
the
mythology
of
the
Hindoos
.
Ganesa
and
Seraswatee
correspond
to
the
Pagan
deities
,
Janus
and
Minerva
.